{"id":28472,"date":"2023-11-09T09:00:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T08:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/marie-anne-pierrette-paulze-lavoisier\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T11:27:48","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T10:27:48","slug":"marie-anne-pierrette-paulze-lavoisier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/en\/marie-anne-pierrette-paulze-lavoisier\/","title":{"rendered":"MARIE ANNE PIERRETTE PAULZE LAVOISIER"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"28472\" class=\"elementor elementor-28472 elementor-28238\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#ddcde6\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19301c02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"19301c02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49129207 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"49129207\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20798b1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20798b1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e1d42a2 dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6e1d42a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_scale_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_scale_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:2,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;motion_fx_scale_range&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:65,&quot;end&quot;:100}},&quot;motion_fx_scale_direction&quot;:&quot;out-in&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"922\" src=\"https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/scienziata-del-giorno-head-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-28978\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/scienziata-del-giorno-head-2.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/scienziata-del-giorno-head-2-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/scienziata-del-giorno-head-2-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/scienziata-del-giorno-head-2-768x346.jpg 768w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/scienziata-del-giorno-head-2-1536x692.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/scienziata-del-giorno-head-2-600x270.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f9415 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1c1f9415\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54a3222e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54a3222e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/en\/woman-scientist-of-the-day\/\">&gt;&gt; Scientist of the day<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-779eb56e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"779eb56e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51d00c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"51d00c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f1091b6 dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1f1091b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/totem-la-scienziata-del-giorno-lowres_Pagina_1-536x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-28961\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/totem-la-scienziata-del-giorno-lowres_Pagina_1-536x1024.jpg 536w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/totem-la-scienziata-del-giorno-lowres_Pagina_1-157x300.jpg 157w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/totem-la-scienziata-del-giorno-lowres_Pagina_1-768x1467.jpg 768w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/totem-la-scienziata-del-giorno-lowres_Pagina_1-804x1536.jpg 804w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/totem-la-scienziata-del-giorno-lowres_Pagina_1-600x1146.jpg 600w, https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/totem-la-scienziata-del-giorno-lowres_Pagina_1.jpg 866w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50f05994 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50f05994\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#192E46\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-583a48f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"583a48f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Unbreakable bond<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5510371b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5510371b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d6e974 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4d6e974\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">(Montbrison, 1758 \u2013 Paris, 1836)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#192E46\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57276eb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57276eb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43a8b330 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43a8b330\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are in the midst of the Enlightenment, the age of equality and the supremacy of reason, the century of Enlightenment and progress. But Enlightenment philosophers considered women intrinsically different from men, as they were dependent on their genitals and therefore physically weak, unstable in character, and in need of a man&#8217;s protection and guidance. However, in aristocratic and bourgeois families, it was common practice to educate even girls because it was believed that a good wife, in addition to looking after the home and raising children, should be able to entertain guests with cultured, refined, and brilliant conversation.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#192E46\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7664724c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7664724c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72c573ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72c573ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMarie Anne Pierrette Paulze was born in 1758 to a wealthy French family and married twenty-eight-year-old Antoine Laurent Lavoisier when she was just over thirteen. Although it was a marriage of convenience, the bond developed into a loving and collaborative relationship.\nIt is unclear what Marie Anne had studied before her marriage, but it is known that she began to develop an interest in chemistry very early on and actively worked in her husband&#8217;s laboratory. She received chemistry lessons from some of Lavoisier&#8217;s colleagues, and most of the research conducted in the laboratory was a joint effort between her and her husband. With her, Lavoisier continued his studies on combustion, and thanks to her, and her translation of the works of the Englishmen Black, Cavendish, and Priestley, he was able to keep abreast of current chemical studies and carry out a plan of experiments that revolutionized the study of air and gases in general and led to the discovery of oxygen<sup>1<\/sup>. Paulze accompanied Lavoisier in his laboratory, keeping rigorous records of the procedures followed during the experiments and drawing diagrams of his experimental designs. The training she had received from the painter Jacques-Louis David enabled her to precisely draw the experimental apparatuses that allowed many of Lavoisier&#8217;s contemporaries to understand his methods and results. Furthermore, Paulze edited his reports and contributed to the publication, in 1789, of Lavoisier&#8217;s Elementary Treatise of Chemistry, which proved revolutionary for chemistry in the year of the French Revolution, as it introduced the idea of \u200b\u200bconservation of mass, a list of elements, and a new system for chemical nomenclature. Later, in 1820, she edited and published Lavoisier&#8217;s Memoirs. As with the more famous couple Pierre and Marie Curie, the advancement in chemistry cannot be attributed to one or the other, but it is safe to assume that much of the work credited to Lavoisier bears Marie Anne&#8217;s contributions. However, compared to the Curies, the time was not ripe for a woman to be recognized for scientific achievements. On the other hand, Paulze was a great admirer of her husband and, even after his tragic death<sup>2<\/sup>, she continued to disseminate his works and recover the notes and laboratory instruments that had been confiscated from him. Many of these are still preserved at Cornell University in New York State.           \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed56201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed56201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><sup>1<\/sup> The discovery of oxygen can actually be attributed to other scientists as well. Besides Lavoisier, both Joseph Priestley and Carl Wilhelm Scheele could claim priority in the discovery of the gas we know today as oxygen. <\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> Despite his staunch adherence to revolutionary ideals, Lavoisier, who combined his work as a scientist with that of director of the Ferma, the Parisian tax collection office, was arrested by the Reign of Terror in 1794, sentenced to the guillotine, and beheaded along with 28 colleagues in front of his wife, Marie Anne. The Ferma was one of the most hated institutions of the ancien r\u00e9gime, linked as it was to episodes of abuse and corruption by some officials who had amassed immense wealth. His undisputed honesty and his reputation as a scientist were of no avail. It is said that the president of the revolutionary tribunal that convicted Lavoisier responded to his defenders: <em>la R\u00e9publique n\u2019a pas besoin de savants! (The Republic does not need savants!)<\/em>   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ab8f97b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4ab8f97b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Montbrison, 1758 \u2013 Paris, 1836] French chemist, she actively collaborated in the experiments of her husband, the chemist Antoine Lavoisier, and, with her notes and drawings of the experimental apparatus used, she contributed to making her contemporaries understand her methods and results. Subsequently, she continued to disseminate his works and recover his notes and laboratory instruments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":28199,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[279],"tags":[302,429,430],"class_list":["post-28472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en","tag-donna-di-scienza-en","tag-festival-en","tag-woman-scientist-of-the-day"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MARIE ANNE PIERRETTE PAULZE LAVOISIER - Cagliari FestivalScienza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/festivalscienzacagliari.it\/en\/marie-anne-pierrette-paulze-lavoisier\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MARIE ANNE PIERRETTE PAULZE LAVOISIER - Cagliari FestivalScienza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Montbrison, 1758 \u2013 Paris, 1836] French chemist, she actively collaborated in the experiments of her husband, the chemist Antoine Lavoisier, and, with her notes and drawings of the experimental apparatus used, she contributed to making her contemporaries understand her methods and results. 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